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Dear friends today I am going to share with you an informative article on Thoracic Spine. This article includes Thoracic Cage, Characteristics Features, Joints of Thoracic spine and ligaments. SO ENJOY THIS ARTICLE....
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The Thoracic Spine
Second segment of vertebral columnLocation:
B/w cervical & lumbar segmentsConsists of:12 vertebrae, Separated by iv discs.Thoracic cage:
Formed by sternum, ribs, & thoracic spine Function:Protect internal viscera –heart, lungs & oesophagusCharacteristic Features:
4 distinguishing features of thoracic vertebrae:Vertebral body:
Heart shaped.Costal facets:
On sides of each vertebral bodyArticulate with heads of ribs.Costal facets:
On transverse processesArticulate with tubercles of ribsPresent on t1-t10 only.Spinous processes:
Long and slant inferiorly--------------------------------------------------------------Superior & inferior costal facet:
On sides of vertebral bodyConsist of:
Cartilage lined depressionsArticulate with heads of ribsSuperior:Articulates with head of adjacent ribInferior:
Articulates with head of rib below----------------------------------------------------------Atypical vertebrae:
Vary in size, location & number of superior & inferior costal facets.T1:
Articulate with 1st rib.T10:
A single pair of whole facets Articulate with 10th ribFacets located across vertebral body & pedicle.T11 & t12:
Each have a single pair of entire costal facets Located on the pedicles.Joints:
2 groups:1. Present throughout vertebral column, 2. Unique to thoracic spine1. Throughout vertebral column
Types:Two Types:i. B/w vertebral bodies: (symphysis)
Adjacent vertebae bodies joined by fibro cartilagenous iv discs, ii. B/w vertebral arches: (synovial)
Articulation of superior & inferior articular processes from adjacent vertebrae. 2. Unique to thoracic spine
Articulations b/w vertebrae & ribs:1. Costovertebral 2. Costotransverse1. Costovertebral:
Head of rib with superior costal facet of corresponding vertebra &Inferior costal facet of superior vertebraIv disc b/wtwo vertebrae2. Costotransverse joints
Joint b/w transverse processes & tubercle of adjacent ribPresent in all vertebrae except t11 & t12.
Ligaments Of Vertebral Column
1. Major ligaments of vertebral column
PRESENT THROUGHOUT VC:
1. ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENTS
2. LIGAMENTUM FLAVUM
3. INTERSPINOUS LIG
4. SUPRASPINOUS LIG
1. Longitudinal ligaments:
Anterior & Posterior
Run the length of vertebral column,
Covering vertebral bodies & lv discs.
2. Ligamentum flavum:
Connects laminae of adjacent vertebrae
Interspinous lig:
connects spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae.
3. Supraspinous lig:
Connects tips of adjacent spinous processes.
2. Small ligaments of costovertebral joints
1. Radiate Ligament Of Head Of Rib:
2. Costotransverse Ligament:
3. Lateral Costotransverse ligament:
4. Superior Costotransverse Ligament
1. Radiate ligament of head of rib:
From head of rib to bodies of two vertebrae & iv disc.2. Costotransverse ligament:
Connects neck of rib & transverse process.3. Lateral costotransverse ligament:
Extends from transverse process to tubercle of rib.4. Superior costotransverse ligament:
From upper border of neck of rib to transverse process of vertebra superior to it
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